Preheat the oven: Set oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9x13-inch baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang, and lightly grease.
Make the crumble base: In a large bowl, mix flour, oats, brown sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg, salt, and protein powder (if using). Stir in melted butter until crumbly. Reserve 1 cup for topping.
Form the crust: Press the remaining crumble mixture evenly into the pan. Bake for 10 minutes until lightly golden. Remove and set aside.
Prepare the pumpkin filling: Whisk pumpkin puree, brown sugar, eggs, evaporated milk, vanilla, pumpkin pie spice, and salt until smooth.
Assemble the bars: Pour the pumpkin filling over the pre-baked crust, spreading evenly. Sprinkle reserved crumble mixture over the top.
Bake the bars: Bake for 35-40 minutes until the filling is set and the topping is golden. A toothpick should come out clean. Cool completely (about 2 hours).
Cut and serve: Lift bars out using parchment, cut into 16 squares, and serve.